I think that the problem with these global studies like Russ and Ennder refer to -- is that they are done inside of global parameters, and then applied to specific situations. I agree that if a person uses a study to conclude, "You should never do x", they are most likely abusing the conclusions of many studies. But in this case, aren't we more intersted in the macro view? I want to know the aggregate value of having Pods on my team. For example, I remember reading a study that concluded that OFers would be better served to never throw the ball to the plate, but instead always hit the cutoff man. Basically there were more times when OFers stupidly threw the ball to the plate (allowing other runners to advance), than there were smart times (erasing a run at the plate), so the conclusion was based on the fact that all the smart plays were "washed out" by the stupid plays, and there happened to be more stupid plays left over. If that was their conclusion, it was painfully wrong. By never throwing home, they would change the environment that they were studying in the first place. It's like saying a particular pitcher should never throw his changeup because his fastball has so much more success. Commen sense tells us what's wrong with that statement.